1.) Formatting the Font
* To Apply Font Formatting Using the Formatting Toolbar
Select the cell or cell range that you want to format.
Do one or more of the following:
--> Change Font Style of the text by clicking the Bold, or Underline Buttons on the Formatting Toolbar.
--> Change the Font Size by selecting the point size from the Font Size List.
--> Change the Font Color by selecting the color from the Font Color List.
* To Apply Font Formatting Using the Format Cell Dialog Box
Select the cell or cell range that you want to format.
Right-click the cell or cell range, and then select Format Cell from the Shortcut Menu.
Click the Font Tab, and then specify the font formatting that you want to apply.
2.) Formatting Numbers
* To Apply Number Formatting Using the Formatting Toolbar
Select the cell or cell range you want to format.
Click the appropriate Number Formatting Button(s) on the Formatting Toolbar.
The buttons are the following:
--> Currency
--> Comma
--> Percentage
--> Decrease and Increase Decimal
* To Apply Number Formatting Using the Format Cell Dialog Box
Select the cell or cell range that you want to format.
Right-click the cell or cell range, and then select Format Cells from the Shortcut Menu.
Click the Number Tab, and then specify the Number Formatting that you want to apply.
3. Modifying Cell Alignment
* To Change Cell Alignment Using the Formatting Toolbar
Select the cell or cell range.
Click the appropriate Alignment Button (Left, Center, Right, and Merge and Center) on the Formatting Toolbar.
* To Change Cell Alignment Using the Format Cells Dialog Box
Select the cell or cell range.
On the Format Menu, click Cell.
Click the Increase Indent or Decrease Indent on the Formatting Toolbar.
* To Indent the Text In a Cell.
Select the cell or cell range.
In the Format Menu, click Cells.
Click the Alignment Tab.
Select the Merge Cells Checkbox and then click OK.
* To Rotate the Text in the Cell
Select the cell or cell range.
In the Format Menu, click Cells.
Select one of the options of the orientation section or adjust the angle by dragging the Text Rotation Tool.
Click OK.
4. Adding Borders
* To Add Borders Using the Formatting Toolbar
Select the cell or cell range that you want to add border(s) to.
Click the Border Style List Arrow on the Formatting Toolbar, and then select the border that you want.
* To Add Borders Using the Format Cells Dialog Box
Select the cell or range.
On the Format Menu, click Cells.
Click the Border Tab, and then select the border(s) that you want to add.
5. Applying Colors and Patterns
* To Apply Colors Using the Color Palette
Select the cell or range.
Click the Fill Color List Arrow in the Formatting Toolbar, and then select the color that you want to apply.
* To Apply Colors Using the Formatting Toolbar, and then select the color that you want to apply.
Select the cell or cell range.
In the Format Menu, click Cells.
Click the Patterns Tab, and then select the color or pattern that you want to apply.
6. Row and Column Formatting
* To Adjust the Column Width
Right-click the Column Header. Select Column Width from Shortcut Menu, and then enter the column width.
Select the Column Header(s). In the Format Menu, point to Column, and then choose Width from the menu, and then enter the column width.
* To Adjust the Row Height
Right-click the Row Header.
Select Row Height from the Shortcut Menu, and then enter the row height.
Select the Row Header(s). In the Format Menu, point to Row, and then choose Height from the menu, and then enter the row height.
* To Automatically Adjust the Width of a Column or Row
Click the column heading to select the column and on the Format Menu, point to Column, and then choose Autofit.
Double-click the right border of the column.
7. Using Format Painter
* To Copy Format to a Cell or Range
Select a cell or cell range that has the formatting options that you want to copy.
Click the Format Painter Button on the Standard Toolbar.
Select a cell or range where you want to apply the copied formatting to.
* To Copy Format to Several Cells or Ranges
Select a cell or range that has the formatting options you want to copy.
Double-click the Format Painter Button on the Standard Toolbar to apply formatting to several locations.
After copying the formatting, click the Format Painter again.
8. Using AutoFormat
Highlight the range of cells to be formatted.
In the Format Menu, choose AutoFormat.
Select your desired format from the list.
Click the Option Button. Select the formatting that you want to apply.
Click OK if you’re done.
9. Using Style
* To Define a Style
Select a cell and apply formatting.
In the Format Menu, click Style.
Type you desired Format Name in the Style Name Box.
Click Add to add your style.
Click OK.
* To Apply a Style
Select a cell or cell range that you want to apply the style formatting to.
In the Format Menu, click Style.
Select the style from the Style List, and then click OK.
* To Modify Style
In the Format Menu, click Style.
Select the style from the Style List, and then click OK.
* To Remove a Style
On the Format Menu, click Style
Under the Style Name, choose a style name that you want to delete.
Click Delete.
Click OK.
10. Conditional Formatting of Cells or Cell Ranges
Select the cell or cell range you wan to format according to a specific condition.
On the Format Menu, select Conditional Formatting.
Click the Format Button, and then specify the formatting that you want to use if the condition is true.
If you want to specify additional conditions for the selected cells, click the Add Button, otherwise, click OK.
11. Finding and Replace Formatting
On the Edit Menu, click Find.
Click the top Format Button, specify the formatting options you want to search for and then click OK.
Click the Format Button, specify the new formatting options and click OK.
Click Find Next to find each occurrences of cell formatting, and then click
Replace to replace the cell formatting or Click Replace All to replace all occurrences of the cell formatting.
1.) Inserting and Deleting Rows and Columns
* To Insert a Row or Column
Select the Row or Column Heading(s) where you want to insert the column or row.
Right-click the selected Row or Column Heading(s) and select Insert from the Shortcut Menu.
* To Delete a Row or Column
Select the Row or Column Heading(s) that you want to delete.
Right-click the selected Row or Column Heading(s), and then select Delete from the Shortcut Menu.
2.) Splitting and Freezing a Window
* To Split Panes
Select a cell. On Window Menu, click Split.
* To Freeze Panes
In the Window Menu, click Free Panes.
* To Unfreeze Panes
In the Window Menu, click Unfreeze Panes.
3.) Hiding and Displaying Rows and Columns
* To Hide Row(s) / Column(s)
Select the row(s) or column(s) heading.
On the Format Menu, point to Row or Column and choose Hide.
* To Unhide Row(s) / Column(s)
On the Format Menu, point to Row or Column, then choose Unhide.
4.) Adjusting the Zoom Setting
* To Change the Zoom Setting
In the Zoom Box, click the size that you want, or enter a number from 10 to 400.
5.) Switching to Different Sheets in a Workbook
Switch to a workbook by clicking its Sheet Tab at the bottom of the screen.
Right-click the Sheet Tab Scroll that lists all the worksheets in the Shortcut Menu.
6.) Inserting and Deleting Worksheets
* To Add a New Worksheet
On the Insert Menu, choose Worksheet.
Press Shift + F11.
* To Delete a Worksheet
On the Edit Menu, choose Delete Sheet.
Right-click on the Sheet Tab and select Delete from the Shortcut Menu.
7.) Renaming Worksheets
Double-click the Sheet Tab, and then enter a new name for the worksheet.
Right-click the Sheet Tab, and then select Rename from the Shortcut Menu, and enter the new name of the worksheet.
In the Format Menu, click Sheet, choose Rename. Enter a new name of the worksheet.
8.) Moving and Copying Worksheets
* To Move the Worksheet along the Same Sheet Tab
Click the sheet on the Sheet Tab to be moved.
Drag the selected sheet along the Sheet Tabs. A small triangle and a blank paper appear as you drag the sheet.
Release the mouse at the point where you want to move the sheet to.
* To Copy the Worksheet along the Same Sheet Tab
Click the sheet on the Sheet Tab to be copied.
Hold down the CTRL key and drag the selected sheet along the Sheet Tabs. A small triangle appears and a paper with a plus sign as you drag the sheet.
Release the mouse before you release the CTRL key.
* To Use the Move or Copy Dialog Box
Right-click the sheet on the Sheet Tab to be moved.
Click Move or Copy.
To move or copy the selected sheets to a new workbook, click New Book.
Click OK.
9.) Adding Color to Sheet Tabs
Select the sheet(s) that you want to color.
In the Format Menu, point Sheet, and then choose the Tab Color.
Select the color that you want to apply, and then click OK.
10.) Working with Several Workbooks and Windows
Click the Select All Button to select all the cells in a worksheet.
Switch between open window by selecting Window Menu, and then selecting the name o the workbook that you want to view.
In the Window Menu, click Arrange All to view multiple windows at the same time.
Click the Window Maximize Button to maximize a window, or click the window Restore Button to return the window to its original size.
11.) Referencing External Data
* To Reference a Cell of Range in another Worksheet (Typing)
Click the cell into which you want to enter the reference.
Type the equal sign (=).
Click the workbook on the Taskbar (if the sheet containing the cells that you want to reference is in another workbook).
Click the Sheet Tab of the worksheet containing the cell that you want to reference. Click the cell or range that you want to reference.
Press Enter.
* To Reference a Cell or Range in Another Worksheet (Clicking)
Click the cell into which you want to enter the reference.
Type the equal sign (=).
Click the workbook on the Taskbar (if the sheet containing the cells that you want to reference is in another workbook.)
Click the Sheet Tab of the worksheet containing the cell that you want to reference. Click the cell or range that you want to reference.
Press Enter.
* To Reference a Cell or Range through the Paste Special Command
Click the cell you want to be referred to.
Right-click the cell, and then choose Copy.
Switch to the worksheet or workbook in which you want to put the reference.
Click the cell that you want to enter the reference.
Right-click the cell, and then choose Paste Special.The Paste Special Dialog Box appears.
Click the paste Link Button.
1.) Entering Texts, Dates, and Numbers
--> Text
Any combination of numbers, spaces, and non-numeric characters.
By default, it is left aligned in the cell.
--> Date
By default, it is right aligned in the cell
Press Ctrl + ; to enter the current date
--> Time
By default, it is right aligned in the cell
Press Ctrl + Shift + ; to enter the current time
--> Numbers
By default, it is right aligned in the cell
2.) Using AutoComplete and Pick list
-->To Use AutoComplete
Excel automatically completes the text when you type the first few characters in a cell that match an existing entry in that column.
-->To Use Pick List
Right click the cell wherein you want to enter a label.
Select Pick from List from the shortcut menu, ad then select the entry from a list.
3.) Inserting, Deleting, and Moving Cells
--> To Insert Selected Cells
Select the cell or range.
In the Insert menu, click Cells.
Choose from the Insert Cell Options.
Click OK.
--> To Delete Selected Cells
Select the cell or range.
In the Edit Menu, click Delete.
Choose one of the Delete Options.
Click OK.
--> To Move Cells through Drag and Drop
Select the cell or range.
Drag the selection by its outside border to the upper left cell of the area where you want to move the cell or range into.
Release the Mouse Button.
4.) Using Find and Replace
--> To Find Information
In the Edit Menu, click Find.
Enter the texts or numbers that you want to search for in the Find What Box.
Click the Find Next Button. You can click the Find Next Button if there is more than one occurrence. Do so until you find the text that you’re looking for.
--> To Replace Information
In the Edit Menu, click Replace.
Enter the text that you want to search for in the Find What Box and the text that you want to replace it with in the Replace With Box.
Click Find Next Button to find the text and the Replace Button to replace the text.
5.) Sorting a List
--> To Sort a List by One Field
Select the cells in the column to which you will apply the command. Click either the Sort Ascending Button or Sort Descending Button on the Standard Toolbar.
--> To Sort a List by More than One Field
Activate the cells within the list. Select Data Menu, and then click Sort.
Select the first field that you want to sort from the drop-down list, and the specify Ascending or Descending order.
Select the second and the third fields that you want to sort (if desired).
6.) Filtering a List
--> To Use the AutoFilter
Move the cell pointer anywhere within the list.
On the Data Menu, select Filter, and then AutoFilter.
Select the filter criteria from the drop-down arrows by the field names of the header row.
--> To Remove an AutoFilter
In Data Menu, select Filter, and then AutoFilter.
--> To Create a Custom AutoFilter
Move the cell pointer anywhere in the list.
In Data Menu, select Filter, and then AutoFilter.
Click one of the drop-down arrow options in the field names of the header row. Select Custom from the list.
Specify your filter criteria in the Custom AutoFilter Dialog Box.
7.) Working With Series
A series is a sequence of cells that form a logical progression.
--> To Use the Fill Handle
Enter the first item of the series in the given cell.
Move the Mouse Pointer to the bottom right corner of the cell to the Fill Handle (the pointer changes to the black plus sign).
Drag the Fill Handle.
Release the Mouse Button to complete the series.
--> To Create a Custom Series
In the Tools Menu, click Option.
Click the Custom List Tab, and then select New List.
Click the Add Button to enter items in the list.
Type the entries into the List Entries Box. Press Enter after each entry.
Click the Add Button again.
--> To Use the Series Dialog Box
In the given cell, enter the first item of the series.
Highlight the range of cells that will be included in the series.
In the Edit Menu, click Fill, and then select Series.
In the Series Dialog Box, click the Series in Option.
Choose the Type option.
Type the value for Step Value and Stop Value.
Click OK to complete the series.
The following tutorial will help you to reformat your Hard Drive and reinstall the Windows XP. We personally consult the brother of Keinne Ross Tripoli to give us tips for this tutorial. The number one reason why we are reformatting the Hard Drive just because of some viruses that infected and corrupted our files and programs inside. He said that before we reformat the Hard Drive we should delete or uninstall all the drivers that we don't necessarily used and make sure you have everything backed up your important files. According to him, anyone can reformat their own computer and taking their own risk. You will only need an important things when you reformat the Hard Drive.
- Windows XP Console Driver CD
- Windows XP Serial Number
- Administrative Password(if you have set any)
- Cup of Coffee(for nervous and first timer people)
Follow these step by step instructions on how to reformat your Windows XP:
Step 1
- Reboot your computer
- You need to go into your BIOS to change the boot sequence. Make sure that CD ROM Drive is first. (The BIOS is found in setup)
- Now put your "Windows XP Console Driver CD" into the CD ROM Drive. Reboot your computer again.
- Now when your computer is booting up look for a message similar to: "To boot from CD ROM Drive press any key" As soon as you see this message, press any key.
- As soon as the setup screen of Windows XP has appeared. Now wait about 10seconds for the setup utility to be loaded. When asked if you want to set up or repair, press Enter to setup Windows. Read the license agreement and hit F8 if you agree.
- If the setup program detects an existing installation of Windows and asks if you want to repair it, press Esc to skip the repair. The setup program will ask you where to install Windows.
- Highlight the existing "C: Partition1" partition and press D to delete it. Press L to confirm.
- Next, hit Enter to install Windows on the "Unpartitioned Space". Format the space as NTFS - You will get an option to choose full or quik format. If the disk has not been formatted, then you will have to use the standard format option.
- During the installation process, your computer will reboot. You will then see a message to press any key to boot from cd. Do not press any key a second time, otherwise the installation will start from beginning again.
- Complete the next several screens on the setup process and make sure you do not leave the administrator password blank. After following these steps, setup should be complete.
- Firstly you should install your antivirus software and enable the windows firewall by going to Start > Control Panel > Network and Internet Connections > Network Connections (icon on the bottom-right) > Right-click the Local Area Connection > Properties > Advanced tab > Check the box next to "Protect my computer and network..." > OK. After this has been done. Then install all drivers from your motherboard utilities CD. Now it is time to install your programs.
- You should store back the backed up files that you made from the first that contains your important files.
Introduction
Computer overheating is mainly due to three causes. The airflow inside the case may be insufficient and cause heat to build locally. Certain components may overwork and generate more heat than usual. A high room temperature will create overheating. Errors caused by heat show as blue screens, system freezes, random shut downs or untraceable errors regardless of the application running. If component rearrangement doesn't do the trick, products that do PC cooling can help.
Things You'll Need
* Cooling fan
* Liquid cooled computer case
Steps
Step One - Ensure that the errors are caused by overheating. Move your computer to the coolest place of your house. You may choose to lower the temperature of the room instead by cranking up the air conditioning. Operate the computer and see if the same problems appear. If they don't that is a fair indication that overheating occurs.
Step Two - Proceed to the following steps if you believe overheating occurs based on what you found in Step 1. Otherwise, if you can't fix the problem using system tools and anti-virus software, take your PC to the manufacturer or to a technician.
Step Three - Check for dust. Remove the computer's outer cover and see if dust has built up. Dust can reduce the airflow, it can slow down the fans or other mechanical components it gets into, or it can act as an insulator causing heat to increase. Use air pressure to remove the dust.
Step Four - Determine if you have components that are set to overwork. If you assembled the computer yourself, you may have adjusted certain components to higher settings for boosting their performance. If you have a device working at a higher voltage or higher clock cycles, lower down its setting or remove it altogether, if possible.
Step Five - Inspect the temperature around the components that use the most power. These are, the CPU, the graphics processor, the power supply and the hard drives. Use your hand to assess the ambient temperature. It shouldn't be more than 2 degrees Celsius warmer than the room's temperature, while the computer is running. You can tape temperature sensors bought from a computer store, if unsure. Change the placement of the components or the fans to improve the airflow, if you found components blocking the air intake.
Step Six - Buy and install a cooling fan. Choose a fan that can lower temperature of your motherboard by as much as 5 degrees Celsius.
Step Seven - Use liquid cooling as an alternative to a cooling fan.
Tips & Warnings
- Do not make changes in your computer if you have no previous experience with opening computers. Take it to its manufacturer or to a carefully selected technician.
1.) Navigating the Microsoft Excel Program
2.) Activating and Selecting Cells
- A cell is the intersection of a column and a row.
- To Activate a Cell
- To Select a Range of Cells
Drag the mouse to highlight the selected cells.
- To Select Multiple Ranges
Hold down the CTRL key, then drag to select the second cell or the range of cells.
- To Select an Entire Column
Please CTRL + Spacebar to select the row in which the active cell belongs to.
- To Select an Entire Row
-> Press SHIFT + Spacebar to select the row in which the active cell belongs to.
3.) Creating a New Workbook
- A Blank Workbook is an empty workbook file with the default settings of Excel.
- To Create a Blank Workbook
-> Click the New Button on the Standard Toolbar.
-> Press CTRL + N.
- To Create a Workbook Based on a Template
->Choose General Template on the New Workbook Task Pane.
-> Click the Spreadsheet Solution Tab or the tab listing your custom templates.
-> Double-click the template for the workbook that you want to create.
4. Saving A Workbook
- A workbook file name can be as long as 255 characters, inclusive of spaces. A file name cannot contain any of the following characters: \ / : * ? “ < >
- To Save a Workbook for the First Time
-> On the File Menu, click Save.
-> Press CTRL + S.
- To Save a Workbook Under a Different Name, File Type and/or Location
-> Press F12
- To Save Changes to a Workbook
-> On the File Menu, click Save.
-> Press CTRL + S.
5.) Protecting a Workbook
- To Protect a Workbook from Viewing
-> Choose the Tools Menu, and then click General Options.
-> Type a password for Password to Modify.
-> Click OK.
-> Retype your Password to Modify for confirmation.
-> Click Save.
- To Protect a Workbook from Editing
-> Choose the Tools Menu, and then click General Options.
-> Type a Password for Password to Modify.
-> Click OK.
-> Retype your Password to Modify for confirmation.
-> Click Save.
6.) Locate a File
- To Search for a Workbook File Containing a Specified Text
-> On the File Menu, click Search.
-> Choose Search on the Task Pane.
- To Search for a Workbook File Based on One or More Properties
-> On the File Menu, click Search.
-> Choose Search on the Task Panel.
7.) Getting Help
- Office Assistant is an animated character that appears on your screen and responds to your questions.
- To Use of the Office Assistant
-> Press F1.
- To Change the Office Assistant
-> Choose Choose Animate. The Office Assistant Dialog Box opens.
-> Click the Gallery Tab.
-> Click Back or Next to see other Office Assistants.
-> Click OK to change the Office Assistant Character, otherwise, click Cancel.
- To Use the Ask Question Box
-> Type your question and press the Enter key.
-> Click one of the topics that encompasses your question (The Help Window displays the topic.)
-> Click the Help Window Close Button to close Help Window.
